Prognostic Model and Nomogram for Estimating Survival of Small Breast Cancer: A SEER-based Analysis

BackgroundDifferent clinicopathologic characteristics could contribute to inconsistent prognoses of small breast neoplasms (T1a/T1b). This study was done to conduct a retrospective analysis and establish a clinical prediction model to predict individual survival outcomes of patients with small carcinomas of the breast.Materials and MethodsBased on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, eligible patients with small breast carcinomas were analyzed. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were performed to clarify the indicators of overall survival. Pooling risk factors enabled nomograms to be constructed and further predicted 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year survival of patients with small breast cancer. The model was internally validated for discrimination and calibration.ResultsA total of 17,543 patients with small breast neoplasms diagnosed between 2013 and 2016 were enrolled. Histologic grade, lymph node stage, estrogen receptor or progesterone receptor status, and molecular subtypes of breast cancer were regarded as the risk factors of prognosis in a Cox proportional hazards model (P < .05). A nomogram was constructed to give predictive accuracy toward individual survival rate of patients with small breast neoplasms.ConclusionsThis prognostic model provided a robust and effective method to predict the prognosis of patients with small breast cancer.     

青海地区获得性耐药结核病产生的危险因素及其预测模型的构建

目的探讨青海地区原发性与获得性耐药结核病的危险因素及临床发病风险预测模型构建。方法选取2018年7月-2019年7月青海地区132例耐药结核病患者为观察组,青海地区132例非耐药结核病患者为对照组,查阅患者的的临床资料,并自制调查问卷,以问卷调查的方式收集患者的相关信息,分析两组患者的临床指征,采用多因素Logistic回归分析完成风险模型建立,绘制ROC曲线分析风险模型的预测效能。结果单因素结果表明:青海地区原发性与获得性耐药结核病发生率与年龄、性别、与患者接触、3月底痰涂片结果无统计学意义(P>0.05);与居住地、婚姻状况、家庭收入、治疗末痰涂片结果、体重指数、抗结核药物性肝损害、结核病灶数、结核空洞、合并糖尿病及登记分类初治具有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素logistic结果表明:青海地区原发性与获得性耐药结核病发生率与居住地、登记分类、体重指数、抗结核药物性肝损害、3月末肺结核病灶数及痰涂片结果,具有统计学意义(P<0.05);ROC曲线结果表明:构建获得性耐药结核病发病风险预测模型用于青海地区原发性与获得性耐药结核病患者中ACU值为0.847,预测敏感性为87.46%,特异性为90.29%。结论青海地区原发性与获得性耐药结核病危险因素较多,不同因素能相互作用、相互影响,构建获得性耐药结核病发病风险预测模型,能较好的预测临床发病,有助于指导临床诊疗。     

Motor dysfunction in mild cognitive impairment as tested by kinematic analysis and transcranial magnetic stimulation

ObjectivePrevious studies have demonstrated voluntary movement alterations as well as motor cortex excitability and plasticity changes in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). To investigate the pathophysiology of movement abnormalities in MCI, we tested possible relationships between movement abnormalities and primary motor cortex alterations in patients.MethodsFourteen amnestic MCI (aMCI) patients and 16 healthy controls were studied. Cognitive assessment was performed using clinical scales. Finger tapping was recorded by a motion analysis system. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to test the input/output curve of motor evoked potentials, intracortical inhibition, and short-latency afferent inhibition. Primary motor cortex plasticity was probed by theta burst stimulation. We investigated correlations between movement abnormalities, clinical scores, and cortical neurophysiological parameters.ResultsMCI patients showed less rhythmic movement but no other movement abnormalities. Cortical excitability measures were normal in patients, whereas plasticity was reduced. Movement rhythm abnormalities correlated with frontal dysfunction scores.ConclusionOur study in MCI patients demonstrated abnormal voluntary movement and plasticity changes, with no correlation between the two. Altered rhythm correlated with frontal dysfunction.SignificanceOur results contribute to the understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms of motor impairment in MCI.     

A Perioperative Care Display for Understanding High Acuity Patients

Background  The data visualization literature asserts that the details of the optimal data display must be tailored to the specific task, the background of the user, and the characteristics of the data. The general organizing principle of a concept-oriented display is known to be useful for many tasks and data types. Objectives  In this project, we used general principles of data visualization and a co-design process to produce a clinical display tailored to a specific cognitive task, chosen from the anesthesia domain, but with clear generalizability to other clinical tasks. To support the work of the anesthesia-in-charge (AIC) our task was, for a given day, to depict the acuity level and complexity of each patient in the collection of those that will be operated on the following day. The AIC uses this information to optimally allocate anesthesia staff and providers across operating rooms. Methods  We used a co-design process to collaborate with participants who work in the AIC role. We conducted two in-depth interviews with AICs and engaged them in subsequent input on iterative design solutions. Results  Through a co-design process, we found (1) the need to carefully match the level of detail in the display to the level required by the clinical task, (2) the impedance caused by irrelevant information on the screen such as icons relevant only to other tasks, and (3) the desire for a specific but optional trajectory of increasingly detailed textual summaries. Conclusion  This study reports a real-world clinical informatics development project that engaged users as co-designers. Our process led to the user-preferred design of a single binary flag to identify the subset of patients needing further investigation, and then a trajectory of increasingly detailed, text-based abstractions for each patient that can be displayed when more information is needed.     

基于方剂构成信息的知识发现和关联网络构建挖掘海洋中药海马历代用药经验＊

目的 通过对含海马方剂构成信息进行数据挖掘和知识发现，构建关联网络，分析海马的历代应用情况，挖掘海马用药配伍经验，发现海马潜在功效和主治病症，为海马的临床应用和开发提供依据。方法 以《中医方剂大辞典》《中国药典》《中华医典》等多部著作为方源，收集含有海马的相关方剂，并进行频数分析、关联规则挖掘和关联网络的构建。结果 共筛选有文献记载的含海马方剂154首。从剂型看，大多为散剂，从方剂分布年代来看，海马的应用虽然有很长历史，但是古代应用并不广泛，现代应用较多。通过对配伍药物进行分析发现，与海马配伍频率较高的是“鹿茸”、“熟地黄”、“肉苁蓉”等补益药物。从功效主治方面看，大多数方剂具有“补肾”、“温阳”、“益精”等传统功效外，还具有健脑等功效；主治病症中，除“阳痿”、“癥瘕”、“疔疮”等《中国药典》所记载的疾病之外，还可治疗“虚劳”、“健忘”、“瘿病”、“不寐”、“痹证”、“小便淋沥或不通”等。对其进行关联关系分析发现，海马配伍补肾温阳的效果较为明显，多用于治疗阳痿，且腰痛、虚劳、遗精、健忘、不育等疾病的治疗与补肾关系密切；在治疗癥瘕时，多与醋、樗鸡、干漆、硇砂、斑蝥、水蛭、没药、当归配伍。结论 该研究不仅发现了含海马方剂的常用剂型、分布年代和药物配伍规律，发现了历代医家应用海马的临床经验，还探索了海马的潜在应用价值。海马作为一味海洋中药，具有温、补、托、消等特性，除常用于治疗阳痿外，还可用于治疗腰痛、健忘、瘿病、不寐、痹证等病症，这些研究结果可为拓展海马的临床应用提供理论基础及依据。     

Differentiating ictal/subclinical spikes and waves in childhood absence epilepsy by spectral and network analyses: A pilot study

ObjectiveChildhood absence epilepsy (CAE) is a disease with distinct seizure semiology and electroencephalographic (EEG) features. Differentiating ictal and subclinical generalized spikes and waves discharges (GSWDs) in the EEG is challenging, since they appear to be identical upon visual inspection. Here, spectral and functional connectivity (FC) analyses were applied to routine EEG data of CAE patients, to differentiate ictal and subclinical GSWDs.MethodsTwelve CAE patients with both ictal and subclinical GSWDs were retrospectively selected for this study. The selected EEG epochs were subjected to frequency analysis in the range of 1–30 Hz. Further, FC analysis based on the imaginary part of coherency was used to determine sensor level networks.ResultsDelta, alpha and beta band frequencies during ictal GSWDs showed significantly higher power compared to subclinical GSWDs. FC showed significant network differences for all frequency bands, demonstrating weaker connectivity between channels during ictal GSWDs.ConclusionUsing spectral and FC analyses significant differences between ictal and subclinical GSWDs in CAE patients were detected, suggesting that these features could be used for machine learning classification purposes to improve EEG monitoring.SignificanceIdentifying differences between ictal and subclinical GSWDs using routine EEG, may improve understanding of this syndrome and the management of patients with CAE.     

基于《医学六要》补肝汤辨证加味治疗腰椎间盘突出症回顾分析

目的:分析基于明代医家张三锡《医学六要》补肝汤辨证加味在腰椎间盘突出症中的治疗价值,以此对《医学六要》补肝思想进行继承创新。方法:对湖南省中医药研究院附属医院、湘潭市中医医院、北京中医药大学深圳医院2008年8月—2019年12月采取张三锡补肝汤辨证加味治疗的9741例腰椎间盘突出症患者,进行回顾性分析。结果:优3791例,良3740例,可1228例,差982例,总有效率达89.92%。各疾病分型及中医证型疗效情况如下。①膨出型腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效最好,其次为中央突出型,脱出游离型疗效相对最差;②突出物在a域以内者临床疗效最好、其次为在b域以内者,突出物达到d域者疗效相对最差;③以寒湿型和血瘀型的临床疗效最好,不在《中医病证诊断疗效标准》中列出的其他型疗效相对最差;④以单纯L5~S1为责任节段的临床疗效最好,双节段或多节段椎间盘突出者疗效相对最差;⑤以单纯出现下肢症状和(或)体征者临床疗效最好、其次为单纯腰部出现症状和(或)体征,腰部和腿部同时出现症状和(或)体征者疗效相对最差;⑥病程以≤7天者疗效最好,≥3年者疗效相对最差。基于《医学六要》补肝汤辨证加味在腰椎间盘突出症的治疗应用上安全有效。结论:基于《医学六要》补肝汤辨证加味可用于指导腰椎间盘突出症的临床治疗,应对该补肝思想进行深入研究和继承创新。